Between innovation and security: about principles governing the European artificial intelligence system

Abstract

Rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies has created new opportunities for innovation while simultaneously raising significant legal, ethical and societal concerns. In response to these challenges European Union has introduced a comprehensive regulatory framework aimed at ensuring that artificial intelligence systems are developed in a safe, transparent and trustworthy manner. Article analyzes guiding principles governing artificial intelligence within the European regulatory environment, with particular reference to the provisions of the AI Act. Study examines the risk-based approach adopted by the regulation, which classifies AI systems according to their potential impact on fundamental rights, safety and societal interests. Special attention is devoted to key regulatory principles such as transparency, human oversight, accountability, data quality and risk management. Article also discusses the obligations imposed on developers and providers of high-risk AI systems, including requirements related to documentation, compliance assessment and post-market monitoring. Analysis demonstrates that the European approach seeks to balance technological innovation with the protection of fundamental rights and public trust. By establishing clear legal standards for the design and deployment of AI systems, the regulation aims to foster responsible innovation while minimizing potential harms associated with the use of advanced algorithmic technologies. Article concludes that the European regulatory model may serve as an important reference point for global discussions on the governance of artificial intelligence.