Cybersecurity Standards in Public Health. Regulatory and Systemic Challenges in the Era of Data-driven Healthcare

Abstract

The article examines cybersecurity in public health in the context of the dynamic development of digital technologies and the growing role of health data as a strategic resource. The starting point is the assumption that despite numerous legal regulations, technical standards and guidelines at the national and EU levels, the healthcare system operates in conditions of significant regulatory and organizational fragmentation. The varying levels of digital maturity among healthcare entities, limited financial and human resources and insufficient implementation coordination translate into a fragmented and inconsistent approach to cyber risk management. The article discusses the importance of health data for the innovation and competitiveness of the European Union and identifies key cyber threats in the healthcare sector. The conclusion presents directions for systemic change, pointing to the need for a more integrated regulatory model combining legal, technical and organizational standards with investments in competencies, infrastructure and building institutional resilience.